At 15% EGR, cylinder pressure and HRR are higher for biodiesel when compared to diesel fuels (Anandavelu et al., 2011 Gowthaman et al., 2015). This higher NOx emission can be controlled by using EGR technique with optimum EGR rate, but this increases the HC, CO emissions (Sakhare et al., 2016 Daniel et al., 2016 Daniel et al., 2015). The HC, CO emissions are less and NOx is higher for biodiesel blends operated engine. However, higher NOx of biodiesel can be controlled with EGR application (Hafizil et al., 2015). Palm biodiesel with EGR operation has shown the reduced output power, engine torque and increased fuel consumption. Whereas it increases the smoke, HC, CO emissions and particulate matter because of bulk quenching, fuel impingement and over-mixing, leading too lean combustion (Zhu et al., 2011 Kiplimo et al., 2012 Can et al., 2016 Li et al., 2017 Thangaraja and Kannan, 2016). Diesel engine with EGR operation reduces the NOx emission, in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) in premixed combustion phase. Hence, it is promised to improve the HCCI combustion (Fathi et al., 2011). EGR reduces the mean charge temperature, heat transfer rate and extends the combustion duration at examined condition which could improve the fuel economy. Use of EGR with low pressure (LP EGR) will be the attractive when compared to conventional high pressure EGR (HP EGR) in diesel engine (Giorgio and Massimo, 2013). EGR application is the attractive method to reduce the NOx of light duty engines, whereas EGR in engine will increase the HC and CO emissions hence optimum EGR with biodiesel will be the feasible solution (Saleh, 2009). EGR with throttle system can be used instead of after treatment devices with less cost (Ma et al., 2014). The NOx and PM (particulate matter) emission of the diesel engines is relatively greater and controlling of these with after treatment device like selective catalytic reduction, particulates filters and NOx storage catalyst in vehicles will complicated and expensive. The properties of dairy waste scum biodiesel are within ASTM limits hence it is promising substitute to the conventional diesel (Sivakumar et al., 2011 Yatish et al., 2016 Srikanth et al., 2017). Hence, production cost and disposal problem can be reduced by producing biodiesel from dairy waste scum as the waste scum is available freely and abundantly in the milk dairies. In this aspect, dairy waste water can be used to produce the biodiesel. Different sources of biofuel production are available, among which activated sludge which is enriched with the nutrient such as nitrification-involved process which could be also a viable source for biofuel generation (Sepehri and Sarrafzadeh, 2018). Biodiesel, diethyl ether (DEE), ethanol and methanol blending with petroleum diesel would reduce the HC, CO and soot emissions (Srihari et al., 2017). Biodiesels exhibits the lower emissions than petroleum diesel, in this view biodiesel and ethanol fuels are the prominent alternative to replace petroleum diesel (Tutak et al., 2017 Channappagoudra et al., 2013). Diesel engines are reliable, cost effectiveness and greater efficient since extensively used, whereas they generate harmful NOx and soot emissions.
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